湖南省种子植物3种新记录

报道了湖南省种子植物分布新记录3种,隶属于3科3属,分别为浙江冬青Ilex zhejiangensis C.J.Tsengex S.K.Chen&Y.X.Feng、长匍通泉草Mazus procumbens Hemsl.和纤叶钗子股Luisia hancockii Rolfe。凭证标本均存于中南林业科技大学森林植物标本室(CSFI)。     

浙江省2种蕨类植物新记录

报道浙江蕨类植物2种新记录,即假耳羽短肠蕨Diplazium okudairai Makino、大盖铁角蕨Asplenium bullatum Wall.ex Mett.。凭证标本存于景宁畲族自治县自然资源和规划局(林业局)标本室。     

四川甘孜曲丝藻科硅藻中国新记录

在四川省甘孜藏族自治州进行硅藻多样性调查时,发现了单壳缝目硅藻中国新记录8种1变种(隶属于4属),分别为:原子曲丝藻Achnanthidium atomus Monnier,Lange-Bertalot&Ector、施特劳宾曲丝藻A.straubianum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot、亚显曲丝藻A. pseudoconspicuum (Foged) Jüttner&Cox、半孔曲丝藻A. semiapertum (Guermeur) Andresen,Stoermer&Kreis、阿雷塔斯真卵形藻Eucocconeis aretassii(Manguin) Lange-Bertalot、披针平面藻微小变种Planothidium lanceolatum var. minor Cleve、厄氏平面藻P.oestrupii (Cleve-Euler) Edlund、球囊沙生藻Psammothidium sacculus (Carter) Bukhtiyarova和双生沙生藻P.didymum (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova&Round。利用光学显微镜(LM)及扫描电镜(SEM)对8种1变种进行观察,并对其形态特征和生境进行了详细描述。     

海南发现新入侵害虫——橘绵粉虱Aleurothrixus floccosus(Maskell)

橘绵粉虱是一种危险性的入侵生物,已于2018年11月在我国海南文昌的番石榴上发现。本文记述了橘绵粉虱各虫态的形态特征、野外鉴别特征,并列出了其分布及重要寄主植物,附有彩色生态照片。由于橘绵粉虱是柑橘类的重要害虫,具有向中国大陆扩散的可能性,我国南方柑橘产区应密切关注此虫动态。     

Multi-state survival models with treatment effects and biomarkers: Simulations for study design assessment

BackgroundComparative effectiveness studies of cancer therapeutics in observational data face confounding by patterns of clinical treatment over time. The validity of survival analysis in longitudinal health records depends on study design choices including index date definition and model specification for covariate adjustment.MethodsOverall survival in cancer is a multi-state transition process with mortality and treatment switching as competing risks. Parametric Weibull regression quantifies proportionality of hazards across lines of therapy in real-world cohorts of 12 solid tumor types. Study design assessments compare alternative analytic models in simulations with realistic disproportionality. The multi-state simulation framework is adaptable to alternative treatment effect profiles and exposure patterns.ResultsEvent-specific hazards of treatment-switching and death are not proportional across lines of therapy in 12 solid tumor types. Study designs that include all eligible lines of therapy per subject showed lower bias and variance than designs that select one line per subject. Confounding by line number was effectively mitigated across a range of simulation scenarios by Cox proportional hazards models with stratified baseline hazards and inverse probability of treatment weighting.ConclusionQuantitative study design assessment can inform the planning of observational research in clinical oncology by demonstrating the potential impact of model misspecification. Use of empirical parameter estimates in simulation designs adapts analytic recommendations to the clinical population of interest.     

湖北省兰科植物1个新记录属和4个新记录种

报道了湖北兰科植物1个新记录属：菱兰属（Rhomboda Lindley）;4个新记录种：贵州菱兰（Rhomboda fanjingensis Ormerod）,大根兰（Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindley）,西南齿唇兰（Odontochilus elwesii C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f.）和多叶斑叶兰〔Goodyera foliosa （Lindl） Benth. ex Clarke〕。相关的凭证标本保存于吉首大学植物标本馆（Herbarium of Jishou University,JIU）,副份保存于后河国家级自然保护区标本馆（Herbarium of Houhe National Nature Reserve,HHE）。     

贵州省凤仙花属6个新记录种

报道了贵州省凤仙花属（Impatiens）6个新记录种（含1变种）,分别是锐齿凤仙花（Impatiens arguta Hook.f.& Thomson.）、线萼凤仙花（Impatiens linearisepala S.Akiyama, H.Ohba & S.K.Wu）、川鄂凤仙花（Impatiens fargesii Hook.f.）、林生凤仙花（Impatiens lucorum Hook.f.）、雅致黄金凤（Impatiens siculifer var. mitis Lingelsheim & Borza）和田林凤仙花（Impatiens tianlinensis S.X.Yu & L.J.Zhang）。该文提供了新记录种形态特征照片和地理分布,凭证标本保存于贵州大学林学院树木标本室（GZAC）。     

Lineages with long durations are old and morphologically average: an analysis using multiple datasets

Lineage persistence is as central to biology as evolutionary change. Important questions regarding persistence include: why do some lineages outlive their relatives, neither becoming extinct nor evolving into separate lineages? Do these long‐duration lineages have distinctive ecological or morphological traits that correlate with their geologic durations and potentially aid their survival? In this paper, I test the hypothesis that lineages (species and higher taxa) with longer geologic durations have morphologies that are more average than expected by chance alone. I evaluate this hypothesis for both individual lineages with longer durations and groups of lineages with longer durations, using more than 60 published datasets of animals with adequate fossil records. Analyses presented here show that groups of lineages with longer durations fall empirically into one of three theoretically possible scenarios, namely: (1) the morphology of groups of longer duration lineages is closer to the grand average of their inclusive group, that is, their relative morphological distance is smaller than expected by chance alone, when compared with rarified samples of their shorter duration relatives (a negative group morpho‐duration distribution); (2) the relative morphological distance of groups of longer duration lineages is no different from rarified samples of their shorter duration relatives (a null group morpho‐duration distribution); and (3) the relative morphological distance of groups of longer duration lineages is greater than expected when compared with rarified samples of their shorter duration relatives (a positive group morpho‐duration distribution). Datasets exhibiting negative group morpho‐duration distributions predominate. However, lineages with higher ranks in the Linnean hierarchy demonstrate positive morpho‐duration distributions more frequently. The relative morphological distance of individual longer duration lineages is no different from that of rarified samples of their shorter duration relatives (a null individual morpho‐duration distribution) for the majority of datasets studied. Contrary to the common idea that very persistent lineages are special or unique in some significant way, both the results from analyses of long‐duration lineages as groups and individuals show that they are morphologically average. Persistent lineages often arise early in a group's history, even though there is no prior expectation for this tendency in datasets of extinct groups. The implications of these results for diversification histories and niche preemption are discussed.     

Stratigraphic record of U37K in Sanmen Bay: the effect of SST and EI Niño on life activity in macrobenthos communities

Sea surface temperature (SST) from 1916–2003 was estimated by using the index of U₃₇^K of organic compounds in Sanmen Bay (SMB) sediment. It fluctuated between 15.97°C and 18.00°C with an average of 17.03°C. The estimated SST was 3.52°C lower than the annual average temperature measured in the same year but was close to the temperature measured in fall. The research suggested that the climate events (EI Ni?o) on large scale in Sanmen Bay were affected by the climate, similar to that in the East Pacific Ocean (EPC). The change scale was also affected by geographical location and local climate such as monsoon. According to the chronological basis, the events in SMB corresponded to those in EPC, but the scale of variation is not so strong as that in EPC. By comparing the community, biomass, individual density and biodiversity of macrobenthos during EI Ni?o (between 2002 and 2003) and non-EI Ni?o (between 2005 and 2006) periods, it was indicated that certain macrobenthos communities in SMB responded to EI Ni?o events. During the EI Ni?o period, Taiwan warm current (TWC) is much stronger than that in normal years. The diversity of macrobenthos during 2002 and 2003 was relatively low owing to invasion of the warm current that caused salinity change. The macrobenthos and zooplankton in Sanmen Bay responded to EI Ni?o events significantly. The diversity of macrobenthos decreased significantly because TWC invaded into the shallow bay from the floor and thus changed the temperature and salinity in the bay. On the other hand, zooplankton species, biomass and abundance increased in the period of EI Ni?o since the invaded warm current brought abundant species of zooplankton.     

中国荨麻科植物省级分布新记录

报道荨麻科6种1亚种1变种在我国6个省区分布的新记录,其中山东分布新记录的有海岛苎麻 (Boehmeria formosana),陕西分布新记录的有对叶楼梯草(Elatostema sinense),广东分布新记录的有台湾糯米团(Gonostegia parvifolia),贵州分布新记录的有显脉楼梯草(Elatostema longistipulum)和短毛楼梯草(E. nasutum var. puberulum),云南分布新记录的有高原荨麻(Urtica hyperborea),西藏分布新记录的有单蕊麻 (Droguetia iners subsp. urticoides)和细尾楼梯草(Elatostema tenuicaudatum)。